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Information About Real Estate Law
The attorneys at Hocker & Associates represent clients in Indianapolis and the surrounding parts of Indiana in real estate law matters. For more details about how we handle these cases, please visit our real estate page.
Below you will find general information about how the law applies to real estate matters. We encourage you to educate yourself. When you are prepared to discuss your case specifically, contact us to arrange a free consultation with one of our experienced lawyers.
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Frequently Asked Questions about Real Estate Law
Q: What is real estate?
A: Real estate (also called real property) refers to land and things attached to land. For most consumers, real estate consists of their home and the lot surrounding it. Commercial real estate may include factories, equipment and other facilities. In addition to buildings and equipment, resources existing on or under the land, including minerals and gas, are part of real estate. Some of these components of real estate can be sold separately.
Q: What are deeds for?
A: Deeds indicate, and are generally required to transfer, ownership of real estate. A deed contains the names of the old and new owners and a legal description of the property and is signed by the person transferring the property. The different kinds of deeds, such as the warranty deed, quit claim deed and grant deed, transfer different interests in property.
Q: What is a disclosure statement?
A: A disclosure statement is a form some states require a property seller to complete and provide to the buyer, disclosing certain defects and other information about the property. The disclosure requirements vary by state.
Q: What are some typical restrictions imposed on property owners?
A: Real estate owners can't do whatever they want on their property. Federal laws provide environmental restrictions, while local ordinances control everything from noise levels to fence height. Local law is also the usual source of zoning rules, which limit the uses of property in certain areas. State laws typically regulate who can access property and how boundaries are established and changed.
Private agreements and other restrictions may also control property use. For example, a development may contain restrictive covenants regarding lot size, architectural design, vehicle parking and other details.
Q: What is joint tenancy?
A: Joint tenancy is an arrangement in which more than one person owns a piece of property. Many spouses own their property as joint tenants, with equal shares in the property. Joint tenancy can include a right of survivorship, which allows the property to transfer to the other tenants when one joint tenant dies.
Q: What happens to a deed after it is signed and notarized?
A: A signed deed should be recorded, or filed, in the appropriate land records office, usually in the county in which the property is located. The office is typically called the County Recorder's Office, the Land Registry Office, the Registrar or Register of Deeds. To record the deed, a person must deliver the signed, original deed to the land records office, and the clerk will stamp the deed with the date and officially record the transaction. The county will charge a small fee to record the deed. Recording the deed gives public notice of the change in ownership and the interests in the property.
Q: How do mortgages work?
A: When a bank or other financial institution provides a loan for the purchase of real estate, a mortgage interest is created. The bank's loan is secured by an interest in the property. State laws interpret mortgages differently, resulting in different consequences if the borrower fails to make a payment.
Q: What happens in a mortgage foreclosure?
A: If a homeowner fails to make mortgage payments, the lender may foreclose on the property. Depending on state law and the terms of the mortgage contract, the lender may do a statutory foreclosure without going to court or a judicial foreclosure in court. State laws provide strict regulations regarding proper notices and opportunities to pay before the property is sold in a foreclosure sale. If your home mortgage is at risk of foreclosure, you should consult with an attorney as soon as possible.
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